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■要点のまとめ■
♳ I have lived in Japan for ten years.
(私は₁₀年間日本に住んでいます。)▶ 現在完了は「(ずっと)∼している」の意味で,過去に始まった状態や動作が現在まで続いている「継続」を表す。 ① 現在完了の形:〈have〔has〕+過去分詞 〉
② 疑問文: 〈Have〔Has〕+主語+過去分詞~?〉
答え方: Yes, ~ have〔has〕. / No, ~ have〔has〕 not. 短縮形: have not → haven’t / has not → hasn’t ③ 否定文: 〈 主語+have〔has〕 not+過去分詞~.〉
2 I have visited Kyoto twice.
(私は京都を2回訪れたことがあります。)▶現在完了には,「∼したことがある」の意味で,これまでの「経験」を表す用法もある。 ① 疑問文: 〈Have〔Has〕+主語+ever+過去分詞~?〉
「今までに〜したことがありますか」 ② 否定文: 〈 主語+have〔has〕 never+過去分詞~.〉 「一度も〜したことがありません」
③ have〔has〕 been to ∼: 「~へ行ったことがある」
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〈 過去分詞 〉 次の動詞の過去形と過去分詞を書きなさい。⑴ use ⑵ study
⑶ listen ⑷ meet
⑸ know ⑹ have
⑺ see ⑻ tell
⑼ hear ⑽ read
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〈 継続の現在完了 〉 次の文の最後に,( )内の語句を加えて現在完了の文に書きかえるとき, に適する語を書きなさい。
⑴ I use this computer. ( for many years )
→ I this computer for many years.
⑵ My uncle lives in New York. ( for ten years )
→ My uncle in New York for ten years.
⑶ Ken and Kumi know each other. ( since 2010 )
→ Ken and Kumi each other since 2010.
⑷ Mary plays the piano. ( since she was a child )
→ Mary the piano since she was a child.
⑸ Tom is in Tokyo. ( since last week ) → Tom in Tokyo since last week.
練 習 問 題
《「継続」でよく使う語句 》 for 〜(〜の間) since 〜(〜以来) How long 〜? (どれくらいの間〜)
《「完了」でよく使う語句 》 once (1回),twice (2回), 〜 times (〜回),before (以前), ever (〔 疑問文で〕今までに), never (一度も〜ない)
《 短縮形 》 I have → I’ve we have → we’ve he has → he’s
講座
第 3 現在完了(継続・経験)
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〈 継続の疑問文・否定文 〉 次の文を〔 〕内の指示にしたがって書きかえるとき, に適する語を書きなさい。
⑴ You have known each other since 2008. 〔 疑問文とNoで答える文に〕
→ you each other since 2008? No, .
⑵ Jane has been sick for a week. 〔 疑問文とYesで答える文に〕
→ Jane sick for a week? Yes, .
⑶ Mary has lived here for f ive years. 〔 下線部をたずねる文に〕 → Mary lived here?
⑷ Ken has studied English for a long time. 〔 否定文に〕
→ Ken English for a long time.
⑸ They have been busy since yesterday. 〔 否定文に〕
→ They busy since yesterday.
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〈 経験の現在完了 〉 次の文の最後に,( )内の語句を加えて現在完了の文に書きかえるとき, に適する語を書きなさい。
⑴ I saw the movie. ( f ive times )
→ I the movie f ive times.
⑵ Ken read this book. ( before )
→ Ken this book before.
⑶ My parents climbed Mt. Fuji. ( twice )
→ My parents Mt. Fuji twice.
⑷ Our teacher told the story. ( many times )
→ Our teacher the story many times.
⑸ We went to Australia. ( once )
→ We to Australia once.
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〈 経験の疑問文・否定文 〉 次の文を〔 〕内の指示にしたがって書きかえるとき, に適する語を書きなさい。
⑴ You have listened to this CD. 〔everを使って疑問文に〕
→ you to this CD?
⑵ Judy has eaten Chinese food. 〔everを使って疑問文に〕
→ Judy Chinese food?
⑶ I have met Mr. White. 〔neverを使って否定文に〕
→ I Mr. White.
⑷ Kumi has been to Hokkaido. 〔neverを使って否定文に〕
→ Kumi to Hokkaido.
⑸ Your father has been abroad. 〔everを使って疑問文に〕
→ your father abroad?
□Mt. Fuji 富士山 □Chinese 中国の □abroad 外国へ 語句
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次の対話が成り立つように, に適する語を書きなさい。⑴ A: has Mr. Smith wanted to buy a new house? B: Since last year.
⑵ A: you lived here for a long time?
B: No. I’ve lived here only a month. I’m new here.
⑶ A: Have you heard this song? B: No. I’ve heard one like this.
⑷ A: have you visited New York? B: I’ve visited there three times.
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次の文の最後に,( )内の語句を加えて現在完了の文に書きかえなさい。⑴ I use this camera. ( for ten years )
⑵ Joan plays shogi. ( only once )
⑶ We have no rain. ( since last month )
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次の文を〔 〕内の指示にしたがって書きかえなさい。⑴ You have visited Disneyland. 〔everを使って疑問文に〕
⑵ It was cold yesterday. It is still cold. 〔 現在完了を使って1つの文に〕
⑶ Mr. Green came to Japan two years ago. He still lives in Japan. 〔 現在完了を使って1つの文に〕
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次の各組の英文を,意味のちがいに注意して日本文になおしなさい。⑴ ① Mr. and Mrs. Smith lived in Kyoto for ten years.
( )
② Mr. and Mrs. Smith have lived in Kyoto for ten years.
( )
⑵ ① I have not used this computer since last month.
( )
② I have never used this computer.
( )
□rain 雨 □Disneyland ディズニーランド 語句
STEP 問 題
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次の日本文に合う英文になるように,( )内の語句を並べかえて,全文を書きなさい。⑴ 私は長い間健に会っていません。
( a / I / for / Ken / not / have / long / seen ) time.
⑵ あなたは今までにブラウンさんと話したことがありますか。 ( ever / have / talked / with / you / Ms. Brown / ? )
⑶ 私はその国に一度も行ったことがありません。 I’ve ( to / been / that / never / country ).
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次の日本文を英文になおしなさい。( )内の語を適する形になおして使うこと。⑴ 私のおじは東京に住んで5年になります。 ( live )
⑵ 私は大阪を何回も訪れたことがあります。 ( visit )
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次の英文は,授業でミラー先生(Mr. Miller)が話したことの一部です。これを読んで,本文の内容と合うよ うに⑴〜⑷の問いに答えるとき, に適する語を書きなさい。I came to Japan in 2012. In my classes, students ask me a lot of things, and often they would like to know my *age. It’s OK. I like the questions about me, but when you meet new people, your questions should be *polite.
In my country, when we meet new people, we talk about things like school, music and sports. For example, “Do you play any sports?” “What food do you like the best?” These are good questions and they *help us to know each other.
There are *some questions we don’t ask. For example, people sometimes don’t like questions about age or *salary. They are not polite questions.
〔 注 〕 age 年齢 polite 礼儀正しい help ... to 〜 …が〜するのに役立つ some questions we don’t ask 私たちがしない質問 salary 給料
⑴ How long has Mr. Miller been in Japan? He has been in Japan .
⑵ Have Mr. Miller’s students ever asked him his age? , they .
⑶ Mr. Miller doesn’t ask questions about age or salary when he meets new people. Why? Because they are questions.
⑷ What should we ask when we meet new people, for example? We should ask about and .
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